Hoshi-lang Language Specification

This document provides a specification of the Hoshi-lang programming language.

1. Lexical Structure

1.1. Identifiers

Identifiers start with a letter or underscore, followed by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores.

1.2. Keywords

The following are reserved keywords and cannot be used as identifiers:

use, interface, struct, impl, func, let, if, else, for, while, return, true, false, null, typeid, interfaceof, dyn_cast, template, operator, alias, finalizer, callable

1.3. Literals

• Integer Literals: e.g., 123, -456
• Unsigned Integer Literals: e.g., 123u
• Short Integer Literals: e.g., 123s
• Decimal Literals: e.g., 3.14, -0.01
• Boolean Literals: true, false
• String Literals: e.g., "hello"
• Character Literals: e.g., ‘'a’
• **Null Literal:**null`

2. Types

Hoshi-lang is a statically-typed language. The following are the built-in types:

• int: A 64-bit signed integer.
• unsigned: A 64-bit unsigned integer.
• short: A 16-bit signed integer.
• deci: A 64-bit floating-point number.
• bool: A boolean value (true or false).
• string: A string of characters.
• char: A single character.
• ptr: A raw pointer.

3. Structs

Structs are user-defined data types that can contain fields and methods.

struct Point {
    x: int,
    y: int,
    constructor(x: int, y: int)
}

4. Interfaces

Interfaces define a contract of methods that a struct can implement.

interface Greeter {
    say() : none
}

5. Functions

Functions are defined with the func keyword.

func add(a: int, b: int) : int {
    return a + b
}

6. Operator Overloading

See Operator Overloading.

7. Interface Templates

See Generic Programming with Templates.

8. Standard Library

See Standard Library.